在加拿大
答案在文章最后留白处，自行抹黑即见：），单词因为是那个格式的所以就直接截图用附件传上来的，点击看大图，呵呵第一篇 关于移民（呵呵，有标题党倾向，看完别大呼上当哦）In a recent study, David Cressy examines two central questions concerning English immigration to New England in the 1630’s: what kinds of people immigrated and why? Using contemporary literary evidence, shipping lists, and customs records, Cressy finds that most adult immigrants were skilled in farming or crafts, were literate, and were organized in families. Each of these characteristics sharply distinguishes the 21,000 people who left for New England in the 1630’s from most of the approximately 377,000 English people who had immigrating to America by 1700.(较难)With respect to their reasons for immigrating, Cressy does not deny the frequently noted fact that some of the immigrants of the 1630’s, most notably the organizers and clergy, advanced religious explanations for departure, but he finds that such explanations usually assumed primacy only in retrospect. When he moves beyond the principal actors, he finds that religious explanations were less frequently offered and he concludes that most people immigrated because they were recruited by promises of material improvement.24. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with(A) summarizing the findings of an investigation(B) analyzing a method of argument(C) evaluating a point of view(D) hypothesizing about a set of circumstances(E) establishing categories25. According to the passage, Cressy would agree with which of the following statements about the organizers among the English immigrants to New England in the 1630’s?I. Most of them were clergy.II. Some of them offered a religious explanation for their immigration.III. They did not offer any reasons for their immigration until some time after they had immigrated.IV. They were more likely than the average immigrant to be motivated by material considerations.(A) I only(B) II only(C) II and III only(D) I, III, and IV only(E) II, III, and IV only26. According to the passage, Cressy has made which of the following claims about what motivated English immigrants to go to New England in the 1630’s?(A) They were motivated by religious considerations alone.(B) They were motivated by economic considerations alone.(C) They were motivated by religious and economic considerations equally.(D) They were motivated more often by economic than by religious considerations.(E) They were motivated more often by religious than by economic considerations.27. The passage suggests that the majority of those English people who had immigrated to America by the late seventeenth century were(A) clergy(B) young children(C) organized in families(D) skilled in crafts(E) illiterateABDE
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反馈:俸禄xz, gintonic, angelonduty 和 2 其他人 2007-07-16#2 
寻找幸福的秘密花
5,484 $0.00 回复: 做阅读背单词,加油吧第二篇 关于电影 这篇文章除去单词不算难，虽然较上篇长，但是句子比较舒畅，所以请你读读试试吧，答案在老地方 Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith (1875-1948). Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the camera’s possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot.Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted, and experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become standard ever since. These included the flashback, permitting broad psychological and emotional exploration as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith transposed devices of the Victorian novel to film and gave film mastery of time as well as space.Besides developing the cinema’s language, Griffith immensely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. His early output was remarkably eclectic(形近字electric): it included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of American cinema. (1)When he remade Enoch Arden in 1911, he insisted that a subject of such importance could not be treated in the then (当时)conventional length of one reel. Griffith’s introduction of the American-made multireel picture began an immense revolution. Two years later, Judith of Bethulia, an elaborate historicophilosophical spectacle, reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour’s running time. From our contemporary viewpoint, the pretensions of this film may seem a trifle ludicrous, but at the time it provoked endless debate and discussion and gave a new intellectual respectability to the cinema. 21. The primary purpose of the passage is to(A) discuss the importance of Griffith to the development of the cinema(B) describe the impact on cinema of the flashback and other editing innovations(C) deplore the state of American cinema before the advent of Griffith(D) analyze the changes in the cinema wrought by the introduction of the multireel film(E) document Griffith’s impact on the choice of subject matter in American films 22. The author suggests that Griffith’s film innovations had a direct effect on all of the following EXCEPT:(A) film editing(B) camera work(C) scene composing(D) sound editing(E) directing 23. It can be inferred from the passage that before 1910 the normal running time of a film was(A) 15 minutes or less(B) between 15 and 30 minutes(C) between 30 and 45 minutes(D) between 45 minutes and 1 hour(E) 1 hour or more 24. The author asserts that Griffith introduced all of the following into American cinema EXCEPT:(A) consideration of social issues(B) adaptations from Tennyson(C) the flashback and other editing techniques(D) photographic approaches inspired by Victorian painting(E) dramatic plots suggested by Victorian theater 25. The author suggests that Griffith’s contributions to the cinema had which of the following results?I. Literary works, especially Victorian novels, became popular sources for film subjects.II. Audience appreciation of other film directors’ experimentations with cinematic syntax was increased.III. Many of the artistic limitations thought to be inherent in filmmaking were shown to be really nonexistent.(A) II only(B) III only(C) I and II only(D) II and III only(E) I, II, and III 26. It can be inferred from the passage that Griffith would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements?（不要自己想当然，一定要从文中找到答案）(A) The good director will attempt to explore new ideas as quickly as possible.(B) The most important element contributing to a film’s success is the ability of the actors.(C) The camera must be considered an integral and active element in the creation of a film.(D) The cinema should emphasize serious and sober examinations of fundamental human problems.(E) The proper composition of scenes in a film is more important than the details of their editing. 27. The author’s attitude toward photography in the cinema before Griffith can best be described as (个人认为，此题值得深思)(A) sympathetic(B) nostalgic(C) amused(D) condescending(E) hostile 注：1. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of American cinema. 是省略句吧？“and with them(ambitions) the whole of American cinema grew”? ADAEBCD评论
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反馈:hugh9905 和 yangyang2005 2007-07-16#3 寻找幸福的秘密花
5,484 $0.00 回复: 做阅读背单词,加油吧第三篇关于“病毒与抗体” 由于专业词汇较多，无疑给文章的理解带来了难度，而且有些句子比较拗口。不过对于学生物专业的人来说应该是没问题的。你想不想尝试一下呢，硬着头皮也要上啊，看看谁打败谁。即便全读懂了，也别太过高兴啊。因为最后的问题有点小陷阱，请多加注意不要掉坑里。不过掉进去也没关系，我已经在里面等你啦：） Viruses, infectious particles consisting of nucleic acid packaged in a protein coat (the capsid), are difficult to resist. Unable to reproduce outside a living cell, viruses reproduce only by subverting the genetic mechanisms of a host cell. In one kind of viral life cycle, the virus first binds to the cell’s surface, then penetrates the cell and sheds its capsid. The exposed viral nucleic acid produces new viruses from the contents of the cell. Finally, the cell releases the viral progeny, and a new cell cycle of infection begins. The human body responds to a viral infection by producing antibodies: complex, highly specific proteins that selectively bind to foreign molecules such as viruses. An antibody can either interfere with a virus’s ability to bind to a cell, or can prevent it from releasing its nucleic acid.Unfortunately, the common cold, produced most often by rhinoviruses, is intractable to antiviral defense. Humans have difficulty resisting colds because rhinoviruses are so diverse, including at least 100 strains. The strains differ most in the molecular structure of the proteins in their capsids. Since disease-fighting antibodies bind to the capsid, an antibody developed to protect against one rhinovirus strain is useless against other strains. Different antibodies must be produced for each strain. A defense against rhinoviruses might nonetheless succeed by exploiting hidden similarities among the rhinovirus strains. For example, most rhinovirus strains bind to the same kind of molecule (delta-receptors) on a cell’s surface when they attack human cells. Colonno, taking advantage of these common receptors, devised a strategy for blocking the attachment of rhinoviruses to their appropriate receptors. Rather than fruitlessly searching for an antibody that would bind to all rhinoviruses, Colonno realized that an antibody binding to the common receptors of a human cell would prevent rhinoviruses from initiating an infection. Because human cells normally do not develop antibodies to components of their own cells, Colonno injected human cells into mice, which did produce an antibody to the common receptor. In isolated human cells, this antibody proved to be extraordinarily effective at thwarting the rhinovirus. Moreover, when the antibody was given to chimpanzees, it inhibited rhinoviral growth, and in humans it lessened both the severity and duration of cold symptoms. Another possible defense against rhinoviruses was proposed by Rossman, who described rhinoviruses’ detailed molecular structure. Rossman showed that protein sequences common to all rhinovirus strains lie at the base of a deep “canyon” scoring each face of the capsid. The narrow opening of this canyon possibly prevents the relatively large antibody molecules from binding to the common sequence, but smaller molecules might reach it. Among these smaller, nonantibody molecules, some might bind to the common sequence, lock the nucleic acid in its coat, and thereby prevent the virus from reproducing. 21. The primary purpose of the passage is to(A) discuss viral mechanisms and possible ways of circumventing certain kinds of those mechanisms(B) challenge recent research on how rhinoviruses bind to receptors on the surfaces of cells(C) suggest future research on rhinoviral growth in chimpanzees(D) defend a controversial research program whose purpose is to discover the molecular structure of rhinovirus capsids(E) evaluate a dispute between advocates of two theories about the rhinovirus life cycle 22. It can be inferred from the passage that the protein sequences of the capsid that vary most among strains of rhinovirus are those(A) at the base of the “canyon”(B) outside of the “canyon”(C) responsible for producing nucleic acid(D) responsible for preventing the formation of delta-receptors(E) preventing the capsid from releasing its nucleic acid 23. It can be inferred from the passage that a cell lacking delta-receptors will be(A) unable to prevent the rhinoviral nucleic acid from shedding its capsid(B) defenseless against most strains of rhinovirus(C) unable to release the viral progeny it develops after infection(D) protected from new infections by antibodies to the rhinovirus(E) resistant to infection by most strains of rhinovirus 24. Which of the following research strategies for developing a defense against the common cold would the author be likely to find most promising?（小心）(A) Continuing to look for a general antirhinoviral antibody(B) Searching for common cell-surface receptors in humans and mice(C) Continuing to look for similarities among the various strains of rhinovirus(D) Discovering how the human body produces antibodies in response to a rhinoviral infection(E) Determining the detailed molecular structure of the nucleic acid of a rhinovirus 25. It can be inferred from the passage that the purpose of Colonno’s experiments was to determine whether(A) chimpanzees and humans can both be infected by rhinoviruses(B) chimpanzees can produce antibodies to human cell-surface receptors(C) a rhinovirus’ nucleic acid might be locked in its protein coat(D) binding antibodies to common receptors could produce a possible defense against rhinoviruses(E) rhinoviruses are vulnerable to human antibodies 26. According to the passage, Rossman’s research suggests that(A) a defense against rhinoviruses might exploit structural similarities among the strains of rhinovirus(B) human cells normally do not develop antibodies to components of their own cells(C) the various strains of rhinovirus differ in their ability to bind to the surface of a host cell(D) rhinovirus versatility can work to the benefit of researchers trying to find a useful antibody(E) Colonno’s research findings are probably invalid 27. According to the passage, in order for a given antibody to bind to a given rhinoviral capsid, which of the following must be true?（现在我也不明白为什么不选那个呢？）(A) The capsid must have a deep “canyon” on each of its faces.(B) The antibody must be specific to the molecular structure of the particular capsid.(C) The capsid must separate from its nucleic acid before binding to an antibody.(D) The antibody must bind to a particular cell-surface receptor before it can bind to a rhinovirus.(E) The antibody must first enter a cell containing the particular rhinovirus. ABECDAB评论
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反馈:hugh9905 2007-07-16#4 寻找幸福的秘密花
5,484 $0.00 回复: 做阅读背单词,加油吧第四篇 关于地幔的结构这篇小文虽然篇幅短小，句子也不难，题也不多，但还真不容易做对呢请你一定小心谨慎：） Geologists have long known that the Earth’s mantle is heterogeneous, but its spatial arrangement remains unresolved―is the mantle essentially layered or irregularly heterogeneous? The best evidence for the layered mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands, islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle, are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridge system, whose source, most geologists contend, is the upper mantle.(1) Some geologists, however, on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths, argue that the mantle is not layered, but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in “incompatible elements” (elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state) percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly, according to the vagaries of the fluids’ pathways. We believe, perhaps unimaginatively, that this debate can be resolved through further study, and that the underexplored midocean ridge system is the key. 17. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?(A) Current theories regarding the structure of the Earth’s mantle cannot account for new discoveries regarding the composition of mantle xenoliths.(B) There are conflicting hypotheses about the heterogeneity of the Earth’s mantle because few mantle elements have been thoroughly studied.(C) Further research is needed to resolve the debate among geologists over the composition of the midocean ridge system.(D) There is clear-cut disagreement within the geological community over the structure of the Earth’s mantle.(E) There has recently been a strong and exciting challenge to geologists’ long-standing belief in the heterogeneity of the Earth’s mantle. 18. According to the passage, it is believed that oceanic islands are formed from(A) the same material as mantle xenoliths(B) the same material as the midocean ridge system(C) volcanic rocks from the upper mantle(D) incompatible elements percolating up from the lower mantle(E) mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle 19. It can be inferred from the passage that the supporters of the “layered-mantle” theory believe which of the following?I. The volcanic rocks on oceanic islands are composed of material derived from the lower part of the mantle.II. The materials of which volcanic rocks on oceanic islands and midocean ridges are composed are typical of the layers from which they are thought to originate.III. The differences in composition between volcanic rocks on oceanic islands and the midocean ridges are a result of different concentrations of incompatible elements.(A) I only(B) III only(C) I and II only(D) II and III only(E) I, II, and III 20. The authors suggest that their proposal for determining the nature of the mantle’s heterogeneity might be considered by many to be(A) pedestrian(B) controversial(C) unrealistic(D) novel(E) paradoxical DECA (1) The best evidence /for the layered mantle thesis/ is the well-established fact /that volcanic rocks /found on oceanic islands,/ islands believed to result from mantle plumes / arising from the lower mantle, /are composed of material/ fundamentally different from /that of the midocean ridge system, /whose source,/ most geologists contend, /is the upper mantle. 这是一个复杂的复句，一层套一层，别急，慢慢择，会理出头绪。关键就是：evidence is fact。什么fact呢？rocks different from that。然后分别修饰rocks 和that 的部分在细分一下就好了。：)大家给看看我的解释对不对。评论
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反馈:annieyu 2007-07-17#5 
7,406 $0.00 回复: 做阅读背单词,加油吧good jobthanks评论
――――――――――――――――――06年4月递案，09年6月撤案 赏
反馈:chang_jl 2007-07-17#6 
精灵水族★法力无边
8,413 $0.00 回复: 做阅读背单词,加油吧谢谢,辛苦了!评论
沉默是金,米话说~感谢关注! 赏
反馈:IBT 和 gintonic 2007-07-17#7 
4,147 $0.00 回复: 做阅读背单词,加油吧a long way to go in improving my english still need time to understand the articles ,tkx,评论
回复: 做阅读背单词,加油吧谢谢楼上的～的～的～表扬7层的安妮，你的雅思分数那么棒，看这个没问题的，练练就行：）
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回复: 做阅读背单词,加油吧第五篇 关于太阳黑子此篇文章自我感觉有些难度，尤其后面的习题，很是考察逻辑思维能力，一不小心就容易上套。第一遍读完，感觉差不多，就开始做题，没想到，做三道错三道。此时觉得自己对文章仿佛都懂了，但仿佛又什么也没搞懂。郁闷至极，返回重读，重点不在理解每句话，而在于理解整篇文章结构及关系，理清思路，不要让文章摆布，而要翻身做主人（这种做阅读的感觉越来越强烈）。再做，感觉稍好。 It has been known for many decades that the appearance of sunspots is roughly periodic, with an average cycle of eleven years. Moreover, the incidence of solar flares and the flux of solar cosmic rays, ultraviolet radiation, and x-radiation all vary directly with the sunspot cycle. But after more than a century of investigation, the relation of these and other phenomena, known collectively as the solar-activity cycle, to terrestrial weather and climate remains unclear.(1) For example, the sunspot cycle and the allied magnetic-polarity cycle have been linked to periodicities discerned in records of such variables as rainfall, temperature, and winds. Invariably, however, the relation is weak, and commonly of dubious statistical significance.Effects of solar variability over longer terms have also been sought. The absence of recorded sunspot activity in the notes kept by European observers in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries has led some scholars to postulate a brief cessation of sunspot activity at that time (a period called the Maunder minimum). The Maunder minimum has been linked to a span of unusual cold in Europe extending from the sixteenth to the early nineteenth centuries. The reality of the Maunder minimum has yet to be established, however, especially since the records that Chinese naked-eye observers of solar activity made at that time appear to contradict it. Scientists have also sought evidence of long-term solar periodicities by examining indirect climatological data, such as fossil records of the thickness of ancient tree rings. These studies, however, failed to link unequivocally terrestrial climate and the solar-activity cycle, or even to confirm the cycle’s past existence.If consistent and reliable geological or archaeological evidence tracing the solar-activity cycle in the distant past could be found, it might also resolve an important issue in solar physics: how to model solar activity. Currently, there are two models of solar activity. The first supposes that the Sun’s internal motions (caused by rotation and convection) interact with its large-scale magnetic field to produce a dynamo, a device in which mechanical energy is converted into the energy of a magnetic field. In short, the Sun’s large-scale magnetic field is taken to be self-sustaining, so that the solar-activity cycle it drives would be maintained with little overall change for perhaps billions of years. (37-45行)The alternative explanation supposes that the Sun’s large-scale magnetic field is a remnant of the field the Sun acquired when it formed, and is not sustained against decay. In this model, the solar mechanism dependent on the Sun’s magnetic field runs down more quickly. Thus, the characteristics of the solar-activity cycle could be expected to change over a long period of time. (45-52行)Modern solar observations span too short a time to reveal whether present cyclical solar activity is a long-lived feature of the Sun, or merely a transient phenomenon. 17. The author focuses primarily on(A) presenting two competing scientific theories concerning solar activity and evaluating geological evidence often cited to support them(B) giving a brief overview of some recent scientific developments in solar physics and assessing their impact on future climatological research(C) discussing the difficulties involved in linking terrestrial phenomena with solar activity and indicating how resolving that issue could have an impact on our understanding of solar physics(D) pointing out the futility of a certain line of scientific inquiry into the terrestrial effects of solar activity and recommending its abandonment in favor of purely physics-oriented research(E) outlining the specific reasons why a problem in solar physics has not yet been solved and faulting the overly theoretical approach of modern physicists 18. Which of the following statements about the two models of solar activity, as they are described in lines 37-55, is accurate?(A) In both models cyclical solar activity is regarded as a long-lived feature of the Sun, persisting with little change over billions of years.(B) In both models the solar-activity cycle is hypothesized as being dependent on the large-scale solar magnetic field.(C) In one model the Sun’s magnetic field is thought to play a role in causing solar activity, whereas in the other model it is not.(D) In one model solar activity is presumed to be unrelated to terrestrial phenomena, whereas in the other model solar activity is thought to have observable effects on the Earth.(E) In one model cycles of solar activity with periodicities longer than a few decades are considered to be impossible, whereas in the other model such cycles are predicted. 19. According to the passage, late seventeenth and early eighteenth-century Chinese records are important for which of the following reasons?(A) They suggest that the data on which the Maunder minimum was predicated were incorrect.(B) They suggest that the Maunder minimum cannot be related to climate.(C) They suggest that the Maunder minimum might be valid only for Europe.(D) They establish the existence of a span of unusually cold weather worldwide at the time of the Maunder minimum.(E) They establish that solar activity at the time of the Maunder minimum did not significantly vary from its present pattern. 20. The author implies which of the following about currently available geological and archaeological evidence concerning the solar-activity cycle?(A) It best supports the model of solar activity described in lines 37-45.(B) It best supports the model of solar activity described in lines 45-52.(C) It is insufficient to confirm either model of solar activity described in the third paragraph.(D) It contradicts both models of solar activity as they are presented in the third paragraph.(E) It disproves the theory that terrestrial weather and solar activity are linked in some way. 21. It can be inferred from the passage that the argument in favor of the model described in lines 37-45 would be strengthened if which of the following were found to be true?(A) Episodes of intense volcanic eruptions in the distant past occurred in cycles having very long periodicities.(B) At the present time the global level of thunderstorm activity increases and decreases in cycles with periodicities of approximately 11 years.(C) In the distant past cyclical climatic changes had periodicities of longer than 200 years.(D) In the last century the length of the sunspot cycle has been known to vary by as much as 2 years from its average periodicity of 11 years.(E) Hundreds of millions of years ago, solar-activity cycles displayed the same periodicities as do present-day solar-activity cycles. 22. It can be inferred from the passage that Chinese observations of the Sun during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries(A) are ambiguous because most sunspots cannot be seen with the naked eye(B) probably were made under the same weather conditions as those made in Europe(C) are more reliable than European observations made during this period(D) record some sunspot activity during this period(E) have been employed by scientists seeking to argue that a change in solar activity occurred during this period 23. It can be inferred from the passage that studies attempting to use tree-ring thickness to locate possible links between solar periodicity and terrestrial climate are based on which of the following assumptions?(A) The solar-activity cycle existed in its present form during the time period in which the tree rings grew.(B) The biological mechanisms causing tree growth are unaffected by short-term weather patterns.(C) Average tree-ring thickness varies from species to species.(D) Tree-ring thicknesses reflect changes in terrestrial climate.(E) Both terrestrial climate and the solar-activity cycle randomly affect tree-ring thickness. 注：(1)But after more than a century of investigation, the relation of these and other phenomena, known collectively as the solar-activity cycle, to terrestrial weather and climate remains unclear.此句重点结构：“the relation of sth. to sth. remains unclear ”CBACEDD
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反馈:alex_lz2005 2007-07-17#10 
11,859 $0.00 回复: 做阅读背单词,加油吧评论
回复: 做阅读背单词,加油吧楼上的，做题～俺现在郁闷啊，做不对啊
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回复: 做阅读背单词,加油吧第六篇 关于器官移植同样感觉文章不算很难但题不容易其实还是对文章信息把握不够 The transplantation of organs from one individual to another normally involves two major problems: (1) organ rejection is likely unless the transplantation antigens of both individuals are nearly identical, and (2) the introduction of any unmatched transplantation antigens induces the development by the recipient of donor-specific lymphocytes that will produce violent rejection of further transplantations from that donor. However, we have found that among many strains of rats these “normal” rules of transplantation are not obeyed by liver transplants. Not only are liver transplants never rejected, but they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin, from that donor are accepted permanently. Our hypothesis is that (1) many strains of rats simply cannot mount a sufficiently vigorous destructive immune-response (using lymphocytes) to outstrip the liver’s relatively great capacity to protect itself from immune-response damage and that (2) the systemic unresponsiveness observed is due to concentration of the recipient’s donor-specific lymphocytes at the site of the liver transplant. 17. The primary purpose of the passage is to treat the accepted generalizations about organ transplantation in which of the following ways?(A) Explicate their main features(B) Suggest an alternative to them(C) Examine their virtues and limitations(D) Criticize the major evidence used to support them(E) Present findings that qualify them 18. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that an important difference among strains of rats is the(A) size of their livers(B) constitution of their skin(C) strength of their immune-response reactions(D) sensitivity of their antigens(E) adaptability of their lymphocytes 19. According to the hypothesis of the author, after a successful liver transplant, the reason that rats do not reject further transplants of other organs from the same donor is that the(A) transplantation antigens of the donor and the recipient become matched(B) lymphocytes of the recipient are weakened by the activity of the transplanted liver(C) subsequently transplanted organ is able to repair the damage caused by the recipient’s immune-response reaction(D) transplanted liver continues to be the primary locus for the recipient’s immune-response reaction(E) recipient is unable to manufacture the lymphocytes necessary for the immune-response reaction 20. Which of the following new findings about strains of rats that do not normally reject liver transplants, if true, would support the authors’ hypothesis?I. Stomach transplants are accepted by the recipients in all cases.II. Increasing the strength of the recipient’s immune-response reaction can induce liver-transplant rejection.III. Organs from any other donor can be transplanted without rejection after liver transplantation.IV. Preventing lymphocytes from being concentrated at the liver transplant produces acceptance of skin transplants.(A) II only(B) I and III only(C) II and IV only(D) I, II, and III only(E) I, III, and IV only ECDA
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回复: 做阅读背单词,加油吧谢谢楼主，不过这题怎么好象是A类的？
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反馈:chang_jl 2007-07-18#14 寻找幸福的秘密花
5,484 $0.00 回复: 做阅读背单词,加油吧楼上的，什么叫A类？评论
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反馈:chang_jl 2007-07-18#15 11,859 $0.00 回复: 做阅读背单词,加油吧估计是说雅思吧？俺怎么觉得像是托福题呢。。。评论
回复: 做阅读背单词,加油吧呵呵，是G不是T：）类似time的文章
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赏 呵呵，是G不是T：）类似time的文章点击展开...哦，看来俺的阅读还是有提高了。。。
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回复: 做阅读背单词,加油吧第七篇 关于肽激素此篇属长文章，但难度一般。句子也较简单通顺。注意对细节题的把握即可。 Until about five years ago, the very idea that peptide hormones might be made anywhere in the brain besides the hypothalamus was astounding. Peptide hormones, scientists thought, were made by endocrine glands and the hypothalamus was thought to be the brains’ only endocrine gland. What is more, because peptide hormones cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, researchers believed that they never got to any part of the brain other than the hypothalamus, where they were simply produced and then released into the bloodstream.But these beliefs about peptide hormones were questioned as laboratory after laboratory found that antiserums to peptide hormones, when injected into the brain, bind in places other than the hypothalamus, indicating that either the hormones or substances that cross-react with the antiserums are present.(1) The immunological method of detecting peptide hormones by means of antiserums, however, is imprecise. Cross-reactions are possible and this method cannot determine whether the substances detected by the antiserums really are the hormones, or merely close relatives. Furthermore, this method cannot be used to determine the location in the body where the detected substances are actually produced.New techniques of molecular biology, however, provide a way to answer these questions. It is possible to make specific complementary DNA’s (cDNA’s,互补DNA) that can serve as molecular probes to seek out the messenger RNA’s (mRNA’s,信使RNA) of the peptide hormones. If brain cells are making the hormones, the cells will contain these mRNA’s. If the products the brain cells make resemble the hormones but are not identical to them, then the cDNA’s should still bind to these mRNA’s, but should not bind as tightly as they would to mRNA’s for the true hormones. The cells containing these mRNA’s can then be isolated and their mRNA’s decoded to determine just what their protein products are and how closely the products resemble the true peptide hormones.The molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using cDNA probes should also be much faster than the immunological method because it can take years of tedious purifications to isolate peptide hormones and then develop antiserums to them. Roberts, expressing the sentiment of many researchers, states: “I was trained as an endocrinologist. But it became clear to me that the field of endocrinology needed molecular biology input. The process of grinding out protein purifications is just too slow.”If, as the initial tests with cDNA probes suggest, peptide hormones really are made in the brain in areas other than the hypothalamus, a theory must be developed that explains their function in the brain. Some have suggested that the hormones are all growth regulators, but Rosen’s work on rat brains indicates that this cannot be true. A number of other researchers propose that they might be used for intercellular communication in the brain. 21. Which of the following titles best summarizes the passage?(A) Is Molecular Biology the Key to Understanding Intercellular Communication in the Brain?(B) Molecular Biology: Can Researchers Exploit Its Techniques to Synthesize Peptide Hormones?(C) The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Immunological Approach to Detecting Peptide Hormones(D) Peptide Hormones: How Scientists Are Attempting to Solve Problems of Their Detection and to Understand Their Function(E) Peptide Hormones: The Role Played by Messenger RNA’s in Their Detection 22. The passage suggests that a substance detected in the brain by use of antiserums to peptide hormones may(A) have been stored in the brain for a long period of time(B) play no role in the functioning of the brain(C) have been produced in some part of the body other than the brain(D) have escaped detection by molecular methods(E) play an important role in the functioning of the hypothalamus 23. According to the passage, confirmation of the belief that peptide hormones are made in the brain in areas other than the hypothalamus would force scientists to(A) reject the theory that peptide hormones are made by endocrine glands(B) revise their beliefs about the ability of antiserums to detect peptide hormones(C) invent techniques that would allow them to locate accurately brain cells that produce peptide hormones(D) search for techniques that would enable them to distinguish peptide hormones from their close relatives(E) develop a theory that explains the role played by peptide hormones in the brain 24. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a drawback of the immunological method of detecting peptide hormones?(A) It cannot be used to detect the presence of growth regulators in the brain.(B) It cannot distinguish between the peptide hormones and substances that are very similar to them.(C) It uses antiserums that are unable to cross the blood-brain barrier.(D) It involves a purification process that requires extensive training in endocrinology.(E) It involves injecting foreign substances directly into the bloodstream. 25. The passage implies that, in doing research on rat brains, Rosen discovered that(A) peptide hormones are used for intercellular communication(B) complementary DNA’s do not bind to cells producing peptide hormones(C) products closely resembling peptide hormones are not identical to peptide hormones(D) some peptide hormones do not function as growth regulators(E) antiserums cross-react with substances that are not peptide hormones 26. Which of the following is a way in which the immunological method of detecting peptide hormones differs from the molecular method?（个人认为此题有难度）(A) The immunological method uses substances that react with products of hormone-producing cells, whereas the molecular method uses substances that react with a specific component of the cells themselves.(B) The immunological method has produced results consistent with long-held beliefs about peptide hormones, whereas the molecular method has produced results that upset these beliefs.(C) The immunological method requires a great deal of expertise, whereas the molecular method has been used successfully by nonspecialists.(D) The immunological method can only be used to test for the presence of peptide hormones within the hypothalamus, whereas the molecular method can be used throughout the brain.(E) The immunological method uses probes that can only bind with peptide hormones, whereas the molecular method uses probes that bind with peptide hormones and substances similar to them. 27. The idea that the field of endocrinology can gain from developments in molecular biology is regarded by Roberts with(A) incredulity(B) derision(C) indifference(D) pride(E) enthusiasm (1)But these beliefs about peptide hormones were questioned as laboratory after laboratory found that antiserums to peptide hormones, when injected into the brain, bind in places other than the hypothalamus, indicating that either the hormones or substances that cross-react with the antiserums are present.此句容易迷惑的地方在于下划线处，as作为连词连接句子而非介词，“lab after lab ”是as引导的句子的主语，一个接一个的实验室found... DCEBDAE
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反馈:zznn123456 2007-07-18#19 Z 8,042 $0.00 回复: 做阅读背单词,加油吧peptide----偶们叫"多肽"有才老师,啥时候考试?注意劳逸结合,您的文章偶都收藏了评论
回复: 做阅读背单词,加油吧嘿嘿，小zz，你可是说到地方啦，我以前就是教生物化学的，呵呵在这里肽和多肽都是可以的。肽是所有由氨基酸以肽键链接缩合而成的化合物的总称，两个AA组成的为二肽，三个即三肽，多个即多肽，但如果太多了，例如超过100个了，就会有自己单独的以蛋白质命名的名字啦。：)
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